Did Earth's Continents Come from Space?

Earth didn't always have the land beneath your feet, but what might have caused it to form is a bit of a mystery. Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them) ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/961287 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04956-y https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962768 https://doi.org/10.1130/G50513.1 (direct url link is very long) https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/962656 https://www.britannica.com/science/dating-geochronology/Importance-of-zircon-in-uranium-lead-dating https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2707 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825220303445 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987115300062 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hafnium https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00410-005-0025-8 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024493717300117 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489120147 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/44/10/855/195071/The-origin-of-Earth-s-first-continents-and-the https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-01074-6 https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/formation-earth https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/little-gem-oldest-piece-earth-weve-ever-found-180949869/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825220303445 https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020131 http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/(A(Eqcrsz0_0gEkAAAAYzYyY2U5NjgtMWY0NC00MGIxLWJmMzEtZGI1MGVjZDhkZDMw4l7gBpjMNb9THkrOFzD_eLTuphc1))/Article.aspx?id=1450-698X1300005F#.Y0yGWC8r1qs https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Compatibility_%28geochemistry%29.html https://theconversation.com/what-created-the-continents-new-evidence-points-to-giant-asteroids-185606 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03337-1 https://www.britannica.com/science/craton https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_22 https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ019372%2F1 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2105746118 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987119301094?via%3Dihub Images https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Complex_Impact_Crater_Formation.png https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/isotopes-of-oxygen-royalty-free-illustration/1267544675?phrase=Oxygen%20isotope&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/aerial-view-of-waterfall-in-geiranger-stock-footage/1173597798?phrase=ocean%20waterfall&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/pangaea-or-pangea-earth-supercontinent-royalty-free-image/1317077652?phrase=pangea&adppopup=true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Impact_event.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/2953 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/stromboli-aerial-view-sicily-italy-stock-footage/528682118?phrase=island%20volcano&adppopup=true https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-hot-were-the-oceans-when-life-first-evolved/ https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/convergent-plate-boundary-royalty-free-illustration/482477851?phrase=subduction&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/three-types-of-tectonic-boundaries-royalty-free-illustration/1447873159?phrase=subduction&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/yosemite-california-circa-2021-aerial-view-of-half-dome-stock-footage/1355563602?phrase=granite&adppopup=true https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/468780 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/erupting-volcano-fagradalsfjall-iceland-fpv-drone-stock-footage/1328747760?phrase=magma%20plume&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/cumbre-vieja-volcano-eruption-in-canary-islands-stock-footage/1344103707?phrase=volcanoes&adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aegirine_zircon_orthoclase_MNHN_Min%C3%A9ralogie.jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/aerial-view-on-tea-plantation-in-sri-lanka-stock-footage/642460768?phrase=land%20scenic&adppopup=true


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Five Of The Biggest, Baddest Supernova Varieties

Head to https://complexlycalendars.com/products/scishowspace to buy your 2023 SciShow Space calendar today! Supernovae are only rare to the passive stargazer, but if you’re an astronomer studying them, you get to see some of the most brilliant explosions in the universe. Here are five of the most significant supernovae known to science. Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them) ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: General: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/375341 https://www.astro.ru.nl/~onnop/education/stev_utrecht_notes/chapter12-13.pdf [PDF] https://www.ucolick.org/~woosley/ay112-14/lectures/lecture16.4x.pdf [PDF] http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/51-our-solar-system/the-sun/birth-death-and-evolution-of-the-sun/167-how-do-you-calculate-the-lifetime-of-the-sun-advanced 1987A: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2013/04/aa21072-13/aa21072-13.html https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/514/3/3941/6607506 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/412/3/1639/1051427 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/2205 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c2 1054: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2001/04/aah2323/aah2323.html https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988ApJ...334..909M/abstract https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4b4b https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aa92c5 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/34 2007bi: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08579 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989ApJ...342..364M/abstract https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/102 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f92 1006: https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/51/5/5.27/206961 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11447 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/319535 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/447/3/2803/987269 2016aps: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1066-7 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abd6ce https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/244 Sources: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/the-birth-of-the-solar-system-in-space-a-big-bang-stock-footage/944562394?phrase=supernova&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/spaceship-flies-near-red-nebula-in-space-billions-of-stock-footage/1336280503?phrase=supernova&adppopup=true https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7nQsz7S7Eg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Treasures3.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg Five Of The Biggest, Baddest Supernova Varieties https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/stsci-h-p1708a-m-1823x2000.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hubble_Chronicles_Brightening_of_Ring_around_Supernova_1987A_(1994-2016).webm https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_material_around_SN_1987A.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/crab-nebula-mosaic.jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/the-sun-solar-atmosphere-isolated-on-black-background-3d-stock-footage/1378376654 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/supernova-crab-nebula-formation-stock-footage/531885282 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/meteor-shower-shooting-across-the-milky-way-stock-footage/1331444841 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPxLVgTIAbk https://tinyurl.com/bdzr7zwn https://tinyurl.com/ef49acfs https://tinyurl.com/2yeuhzxr https://tinyurl.com/yea8vh7e https://tinyurl.com/2y52hvwn https://tinyurl.com/3jdr3df3 https://tinyurl.com/2mhwsc4p https://tinyurl.com/mr258xs9 https://tinyurl.com/3t4h3cty https://tinyurl.com/4j4s23mc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSmuqBiAQ4c&t=75s https://www.universetoday.com/145215/two-white-dwarfs-merged-together-into-a-single-ultramassive-white-dwarf/ https://tinyurl.com/5adu76ss https://tinyurl.com/3cryyppj https://tinyurl.com/27vt7pxn https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_III._sieht_den_neuen_Stern_%C3%BCber_der_Stadt_Tivoli_(Tyburtina).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SN_1006_Supernova_Remnant.jpg https://tinyurl.com/2wy7cyn4


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Are Space Sounds Lies?

This video was sponsored by Guardio. Go to https://guard.io/SciShowSpace for a 7 day free trial. If a tree falls in space, and it's frequency is modulated by multiple octaves and digitized, does it make a sound? Hosted by: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Sounds_from_space https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/features/halloween_sounds.html https://byjus.com/physics/sound-waves-need-medium-propagation/ https://www.sciencealert.com/sound-can-travel-through-space-after-all-but-we-can-t-hear-it https://www.planetary.org/outreach/sounds-of-titan https://videos.space.com/m/UjJzoFdx/chinas-rover-moves-on-mars-in-awesome-new-video-with-audio-of-deployment?list=9wzCTV4g https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/audio/ https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/sounds/?voice=true https://www.science.org/content/article/sounds-you-cant-hear-can-still-hurt-your-ears https://blog.soton.ac.uk/soundwaves/wave-basics/wavelength-frequency-relation/ https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sound/understandingsound.htm https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/sound-in-space/ https://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/pretty-pictures-the-use-of-false-color-in-images-of-deep-space/ https://slate.com/technology/2022/07/james-webb-space-telescope-photos-colors-infrared.html https://chandra.si.edu/photo/false_color.html https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-insight-lander-hears-martian-winds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRfOL-9tUn8&t=19s&ab_channel=UMDScience https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01014-0 https://mars.nasa.gov/news/9264/nasas-insight-hears-its-first-meteoroid-impacts-on-mars/?site=insight https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-insight-hears-its-first-meteoroid-impacts-on-mars https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2008/28/2375-Image.html?news=true https://youtu.be/KMU8T17WA4I https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/black-hole-sound-heats-a-galaxy-cluster/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMU8T17WA4I&ab_channel=SciShowSpace https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/09sep_blackholesounds https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioR5np1fmEc https://www.system-sounds.com/about-2/ https://youtu.be/ioR5np1fmEc https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/new-nasa-black-hole-sonifications-with-a-remix.html https://www.nasa.gov/wav/123163main_cas-skr1-112203.wav https://youtu.be/egfBaUdnAyQ https://www.livescience.com/50399-radio-waves.html https://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/11/the-singing-comet/ https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/33/1031/2015/angeo-33-1031-2015.pdf https://www.soundsofspacetime.org/detection.html https://chandra.si.edu/sound/index.html#carina https://youtu.be/j9shIxS-W-8 https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/heavenly-sounds-hearing-astronomical-data-can-lead-to-scientific-insights/ IMAGES https://www.gettyimages.com https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-catches-fiery-hourglass-as-new-star-forms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhurong-with-lander-selfie.png https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/25828/first-video-of-nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-in-flight/ https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/05/09/miris-sharper-view-hints-at-new-possibilities-for-science/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-insight-lander-detects-stunning-meteoroid-impact-on-mars https://www.nasa.gov/chandra/multimedia/perseus-cluster.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioR5np1fmEc&ab_channel=NASA%27sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-reveals-cosmic-cliffs-glittering-landscape-of-star-birth https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WIDhLeryWM&ab_channel=AdamWolf https://javalab.org/en/water_waves_en/ AUDIO https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-webb-s-first-full-color-images-data-are-set-to-sound https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/features/halloween_sounds.html https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/audio/ https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/sounds/?playlist=mars&item=mars-helicopter-flying&type=mars https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-webb-s-first-full-color-images-data-are-set-to-sound


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Why are Astronomers So Bad at Naming Things?

With star names like 2MASS J05551028+0724255, it might seem like astronomers are not so great at naming things. But if you know the code, these names can actually help you find the star in the sky. Hosted by: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=HD+39801 https://cds.unistra.fr/cgi-bin/Dic-Simbad?BD%2b07 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995yCat.1122....0A/abstract http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=I/122/bd https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/chapter2-2/ http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion1/cec_units.html https://www.britannica.com/science/right-ascension https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/right-ascension-declination-celestial-coordinates/ https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/bd.html https://www.iau.org/administration/about/ https://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Dic/iau-spec.html Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Betelgeuse_captured_by_ALMA.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orion_Head_to_Toe.jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/orion-constellation-royalty-free-illustration/1203038669?phrase=betelgeuse&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/great-ocean-road-at-night-milky-way-view-royalty-free-image/498309616?phrase=stargazing&adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AxialTiltObliquity.png https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/orion-kenidjack-castle-cornwall-uk-royalty-free-image/1381725810?phrase=betelgeuse&adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/high-detailed-sky-maps-vector-set-royalty-free-illustration/859199494?phrase=star%20map&adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_Constellation_Map.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al-Sufi%27s_Orion,_1125_Baghdad_copy,_Doha_Museum_of_Islamic_Art_Ms_2._1998._SO.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dunhuang_Star_Atlas_-_Orion.jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/star-map-of-northern-hemisphere-royalty-free-image/157280056?phrase=star%20map&adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orion_IAU.svg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/orion-constellation-vector-illustration-with-royalty-free-illustration/1061064662?phrase=betelgeuse&adppopup=true https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20339 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eta_Cassiopeiae.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_Celestial_Pole.ogv


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How Do You Date a Star?

Start building your ideal daily routine! The first 100 people who click on the link will get 25% OFF Fabulous Premium: https://thefab.co/scishowspace9 Figuring out the age of a blinking speck in the sky is a difficult feat, especially if considering how many types of stars there are. This is where a Hertzsprung-Russell meets a gyrochronologist. Hosted by: Savannah Geary (they/them) ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: Interview with Eric Jensen from Swarthmore College https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuKZjVlkXRQ https://chandra.harvard.edu/edu/formal/variable_stars/bg_info.html https://www.ucolick.org/~bolte/AY4/notes9/node2.html https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6035 https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/main+sequence+lifetime https://arxiv.org/pdf/0704.3068.pdf Image Sources: https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA19341 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_star_cluster_Messier_18_and_its_surroundings.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HRDiagram.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Hertzsprung–Russell_chart_of_stellar_evolution_(PSF).png https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/videos/2010/28/647-Video.html?news=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hertzsprung-Russell_Diagram_-_ESO.png https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/the-sun-royalty-free-image/520222808?phrase=the%20sun%20in%20space&adppopup=true https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Rotation-periods-of-the-Praesepe-blue-and-the-Hyades-orange-star-clusters-derived-by_fig9_338899735 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13641 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HRDiagram.png https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcwdl.wdl_18412/?sp=48&st=image&r=-0.793,-0.178,2.587,1.653,0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suzhou_star_cartography.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Betelgeuse_(star).jpg https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/stellar_ages.html https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2004/16/1534-Image.html?news=true


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Goodbye SOFIA, Thanks for All the Discoveries

SOFIA or The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy is coming to an end, but let's look back on some of the amazing discoveries of this flying telescope. Hosted by: Hank Green (He/Him) ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- https://www.space.com/38257-extreme-astrophysics-remote-telescopes-kavli-roundtable.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/index.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-partner-decide-to-conclude-sofia-mission https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/SOFIA/overview/index.html https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/infrared-astronomy/ http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/spitzer/quick-facts/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/top-ten-discoveries-from-sofia https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-sofia-discovers-water-on-sunlit-surface-of-moon https://www.seti.org/press-release/30-teachers-selected-airborne-astronomy-ambassadors-bring-nasa-science-classrooms https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-14-022.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00685-2 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01222-x IMAGES https://www.sofia.usra.edu/multimedia/image-galleries/sofia-observations-galactic-center https://www.sofia.usra.edu/multimedia/image-galleries/sofia-observations-cygnus https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-iris-nebula https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SFPwMIJFBA&ab_channel=NASAGoddard https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12673 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA_C-141A_KAO.jpg https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia12504-nasas-infrared-telescope-facility-atop-mauna-kea-hawaii https://www.sofia.usra.edu/multimedia/image-galleries/sofia-observations-comet-pan-starrs https://www.sofia.usra.edu/multimedia/image-galleries/sofia-air-air-aerodynamic-tufts https://www.sofia.usra.edu/multimedia/image-galleries/nasa-sofia-air-air https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:South_pole_telescope_during_polar_night.jpg


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Where Did Mercury’s Spots Come From?

Pre-order your MESSENGER pin all this month here: https://dftba.com/scishow The Sun isn’t the only celestial body in the solar system to boast spots of its own. Mercury, too, has its fair share, and they’re worth wondering about. Hosted by: Hank Green (he/him) ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JE002713 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012JE004174 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JE005722 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgre.20115 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/GL004i010p00383 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03181555/document https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103513004909 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103521000051 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103587900376 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032063320303494 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X22002837 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL068325 https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1329.pdf [PDF] https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.656.6420&rep=rep1&type=pdf [PDF] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-020-00694-7 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.10886.pdf Image Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zsJpUCWfyPE https://messenger.jhuapl.edu/Explore/Science-Images-Database/gallery-image-911.html https://messenger.jhuapl.edu/Explore/Science-Images-Database/gallery-image-1568.html https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth/ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02446 https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/mariner-10-image-of-mercury https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02962 https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/messenger/in-depth/ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19267 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19425 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19216 https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19212 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MESSENGER_-_CN0162744010M_RA_3_web.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balzac_crater_MESSENGER_WAC_IGF_to_RGB.jpg


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Hayabusa: The Artificial Meteor Launched From An Asteroid

After we retrieved samples of the moon, it was quite a while before we could land on anything else and bring bits of it back home. Hosted By: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/en/missions/spacecraft/past/hayabusa.html https://global.jaxa.jp/article/special/hayabusa_sp3/index_e.html https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/ https://global.jaxa.jp/article/special/hayabusareturn/watanabe01_e.html https://global.jaxa.jp/article/special/hayabusa/yoshimitsu_e.html https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/en/topics/002154.html https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/64/1/11/2898246 Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_asteroid_(25143)_Itokawa_(eso1405b).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa_IAC_2010.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa-Minerva1.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa-Minerva2.JPG https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/close-up-view-of-the-solar-flares-on-the-surface-of-the-stock-footage/1283534509?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_asteroid_(25143)_Itokawa.ogv https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa_hover.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa(Muses-C)_sampling.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Replica_of_Hayabusa_capsule_at_JAXA_i.jpg https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/683515 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/large-planetoid-royalty-free-image/177031259?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leonid_Meteor.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa_reentry_from_Ames_Research_2010-06-13.ogv https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2010/hayabusa.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hayabusa_atmospheric_reentry_(close-up).ogv


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Welcome to SciShow Space!

The universe is awe-inspiring! From ground breaking discoveries in the news to the big questions about what makes life possible, SciShow Space brings you answers to your burning questions... and poses some even weirder questions along the way. Join us every Tuesday and Friday for new videos about all things space. #SciShowSpace #Space #Science #STEM SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, الخليفي سلطان, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow


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Eclipses That Don't Eclipse

Thanks to Blinkist for sponsoring this episode. Go to https://blinkist.com/scishowspace to get free, unlimited access for 1 week to try it out. You’ll also get 25% off if you want the full membership. Here on Earth, we’re used to seeing both lunar and solar eclipses. But further out are eclipses that don’t behave at all the way we expected them to. Hosted By: Savannah Geary ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/l/Lunar_eclipse.htm https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/eclipses/ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/ebstar/ebstar.html https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1251999 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03667-0.epdf https://news.stanford.edu/2021/07/28/first-detection-light-behind-black-hole/ https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/07/XMM-Newton_sees_light_echo_from_behind_a_black_hole Image Sources: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/solar-eclipse-stock-footage/158732132?adppopup=true https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/solar-eclipse-diagram https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/lunar-eclipse-diagram https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Partial_Lunar_Eclipse_Panorama.jpg https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2019/1/11/how-to-watch-the-only-total-lunar-eclipse-of-2019-plus-a-supermoon/ https://moon.nasa.gov/news/172/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-lunar-eclipse/ https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/view-of-earth-from-space-royalty-free-image/482110960?adppopup=true https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4980 https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4849 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luyten_726-8.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Explanation_of_eclipsing_binaries.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_curve_of_binary_star_Kepler-16.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Planet_Lost_in_the_Glare_of_Binary_Stars.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_468.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gravitational_lens-full.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-visualization-shows-a-black-hole-s-warped-world https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/black_hole_description.html https://twitter.com/esascience/status/1420402212090654723?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/x-ray-echoes-of-a-shredded-star-provide-close-up-of-killer-black-hole https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2472.html https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/full-sun-eclipse-with-clouds-royalty-free-image/467019654?adppopup=true


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The Chinese Mission Finding Water on Mars

Several rovers on Mars's surface are currently in operation, including one you might not have heard of: China’s Zhurong rover. It's already spent over a year on the Martian surface and is bringing us ever closer to understanding the history of our planetary next-door neighbor. Hosted By: Savannah Geary ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, David Brooks, and AndyGneiss! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-049A https://www.space.com/tianwen-1.html https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021JE007137 https://www.space.com/china-mars-rover-zhurong-lander-selfie-photos https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn8555 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03554-8 https://www.space.com/china-tianwen-1-mars-orbiter-planet-survey https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-021-00832-9/tables/2 https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-836162/v1 https://www.britannica.com/science/duricrust https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/technologies/31jan_sandsofmars.html https://www.americangeosciences.org/word/duricrust https://phys.org/news/2022-05-chinese-rover-evidence-mars-thought.html https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117720307870?via%3Dihub https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/12/ESA_Mars_Express_relays_data_from_CNSA_Zhurong_rover https://www.space.com/china-mars-rover-communicates-via-european-orbiter Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MarsLanderMola16.png https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01122 https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/51101088052/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%881%EF%BC%9A3%EF%BC%89.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tianwen-1_schematic.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Classic_of_Mountains_and_Seas,_1597,_plate_XLIII.jpg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRlvB8uhri0&t=157s&ab_channel=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BD%91 https://spj.sciencemag.org/journals/space/2021/9846185/ https://spj.sciencemag.org/journals/space/2021/9846185/ https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/artist-depiction-first-chinese-mars-mission-1956023557 https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/artist-depiction-first-mars-rover-mission-1956024052 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimolautopia.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars.ogv https://www.flickr.com/photos/uahirise-mars/51238540701 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhurong_payload.jpg https://spj.sciencemag.org/journals/space/2021/9846185/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AncientMars.jpg https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/artist-depiction-3d-illustration-rover-on-2103022186 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/the-surface-of-mars-strewn-with-small-rocks-and-red-sand-stock-footage/1303996700?adppopup=true https://www.flickr.com/photos/uahirise-mars/51509321705/in/photolist-PnPiQ6-swgBVy-QxYDkK-2m4LV2x-2mtGJMx-2n1mjFN-2n1mgQh-2maDrNr https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_Express_ESA392355.jpg


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Mama, Where Do Galaxies Come From?

For most of human history, we didn't know that galaxies were a thing. So over the past century, astronomers have been working to understand how galaxies come to be and how they evolve over time. And for a full decade, there was one telescope helping to light the way. Hosted By: Hank Green ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March01/Marcum/Marcum2.html https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/main+sequence+lifetime https://www.britannica.com/science/red-dwarf-star http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/about/overview.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-01f.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2007-05f.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2009-01r.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2010-03f.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/galex.pdf https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/galex/Documents/MissionOverview.html https://www.nasa.gov/content/hubble-space-telescope-advanced-camera-for-surveys https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/0067-0049/173/2 Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swimming_in_Sculptor.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_spacecraft_model.png https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/night-sky-with-stars-and-soft-milky-way-universe-as-royalty-free-image/971578384?adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/set-of-electromagnetic-spectrum-diagram-or-royalty-free-illustration/1311362176?adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/blue-hot-sun-royalty-free-image/157505921?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morgan-Keenan_spectral_classification.png https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/3927825968 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atmospheric_Transmission.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Pegasus.jpg http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2005-02r_img08.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GALEX_Field_of_View.jpg http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2016-01f_img01.html https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_972.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img02.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img05.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abell_S740,_cropped_to_ESO_325-G004.jpg http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2007-05f_img01.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/big-brother-milky-way.html http://www.galex.caltech.edu/media/glx2004-01r_img06.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_cluster_PLCK_G004.5-19.5_A_window_into_the_cosmic_past.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MACSJ1423.8%2B2404.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/galex/galex20100811.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NGC4676.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer,_2003.jpg


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Space Medicine: What We Need and What We Have

Sign up to Morning Brew for free today https://morningbrewdaily.com/scishowspace Sponsored by Morning Brew If we're going to send astronauts out to Mars someday, we'll need to figure out how to send a pharmacy with them Hosted By: Hank Green ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher-Neuhaus/publication/277718390_Emergency_Medicine_in_Space/links/56d3235108ae059e3761231a/Emergency-Medicine-in-Space.pdf https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/benefits/shingles.html https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/2013/bacteria-sent-into-space.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2021/protecting-astronaut-health-with-the-prick-of-a-finger https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-019-0075-2 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552421000481 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/bioanalyzer-biomedical-analysis https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8325 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/Medication_ISS.html https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/radiation_impact_on_pharmaceutical_stability-_v._daniels.pdf https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6267 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339213794_Plant_Factories https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/feature/drugs-in-space-the-pharmacy-orbiting-the-earth#fn_1 https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/medicines-in-space-astronauts-make-own-drugs/ https://academic.oup.com/labmed/article/44/4/304/2505008 Images https://www.gettyimages.com/ https://www.storyblocks.com/ https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/Medication_ISS.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sysmex_XT-4000i.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_(07).jpg https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-researchers-develop-a-technique-to-predict-radiation-risk-on-international-space https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasas-mars-2020-will-blaze-a-trail-for-humans https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/IVGEN.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SEM_blood_cells.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-tries-new-ways-fluid-materials-to-build-giant-space-telescopes https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:573675_The_USAF_drops_a_box_of_medical_supplies_from_a_C-130_during_Atlas_Accord_12_at_the_Mopti_Air_Field_on_Feb._14,_2012.jpg


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How Saturn's Moons Could Help Us Live in Space

As we continue our search for life out in the universe, it's important that we leave no stone, or moon, unturned. Hosted By: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://astronomy.com/news/2018/06/kepler-data-reveals-gas-giants-that-could-harbor-habitable-moons https://aasnova.org/2018/08/29/habitable-moons-instead-of-habitable-planets/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3549631/ https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/1-4020-4520-4_408 https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/what-would-happen-if-mars-and-venus-swapped-places/ https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14262 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html https://www.nature.com/articles/519162a https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103507005593?via%3Dihub https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100606103125.htm https://carlkop.home.xs4all.nl/habit.html https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04497 https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasas-dragonfly-will-fly-around-titan-looking-for-origins-signs-of-life https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.aav1784 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01539-1#ref-CR42 Images. https://www.storyblocks.com/ https://www.gettyimages.com/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Total_lunar_eclipse_on_January_21,_2019_(45910439045)_(cropped).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19061-SaturnMoonEnceladus-CurtainNotDiscrete-Eruptions-20150506.jpg https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/13095/nasa-finds-moon-of-saturn-has-chemical-that-could-form-membranes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13506 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA17470_Titan_northern_hemisphere.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1560.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/cosmic-milestone-nasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/search-for-life/habitable-zone/ https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/enceladus/ https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasas-dragonfly-will-fly-around-titan-looking-for-origins-signs-of-life https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exomoon_Kepler-1625b-i_orbiting_its_planet_(artist%E2%80%99s_impression).tif


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This Exoplanet Shows We Might Be Wrong About Planet Formation

Start building your ideal daily routine. The first 100 people who click on the link will get 25% OFF Fabulous Premium: https://thefab.co/scishowspace7 Though we’ve been able detect thousands of exoplanets in the last few decades, we’ve now directly imaged an exoplanet that changes our whole perspective on how we think planets like Jupiter form! Hosted By: Savannah Geary ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow, AndyGneiss, and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01634-x https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_5109 https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/nai/articles/2001/5/7/how-jupiter-got-big/ https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0703237 https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.02699 https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/05/aa38008-20/aa38008-20.html https://www.naoj.org/Projects/SCEXAO/scexaoWEB/030openuse.web/040vampires.web/indexm.html https://www.dw.com/en/gas-giant-ab-aurigae-b-challenges-science-of-planets/a-61366941 https://www.science.org/content/article/jupiter-size-exoplanet-caught-act-being-born https://files.springernature.com/getResource/Full%20text%3A%2041550_2022_1634_OnlinePDF.pdf?token=IULUvIufpS8AXE43riPpExKrcZMUcwpHIO0w4yhOno61RnG9Vz6%2Fr7GCrI5AcBi92o1n3tikPjKFkiYotkHNpNM75Zwrwg1JnULfD6ql3lY4idVR9kEEWhdGIKh99vcOuCh%2FZ3DLB4IVSRfpmhKqIAP5kbz1h%2Bvu4aXKTjMfE9CezjAswRpwEM3EdK5QiwcA6R1Se4bGQnT7HNP7lnlhp9R9ie6CqfHB3gsKJ%2BZ2%2F5OG3eNs2jsDKIt6ogD7VgOiaP3Tdhmek9ubVZwx%2FRy3Z17Q2qED6prhvYISFqz2S7jAVeg%2Byh2tkHZoPomJWgKdNu0lEfUmS0LXef4mNb5aaQ%3D%3D Image Sources: Thumbnail Modified from: NASA, ESA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI) https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-finds-a-planet-forming-in-an-unconventional-way https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist_concept_of_exoplanet_(SpaceEngine)_2.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exoplanets_PDS_70_b_and_c.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ALMA_image_of_the_circumstellar_disk_AB_Aurigae.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SPHERE_image_of_the_disc_around_AB_Aurigae.tif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deployment_of_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope_(28248653761).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Subaru_Telescope._Mauna_Kea_Summit_(503947)_(21404240034).jpg https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Astronomical-Telescopes-Instruments-and-Systems/volume-6/issue-04/045004/High-contrast-Hα-imaging-with-SubaruSCExAO--VAMPIRES/10.1117/1.JATIS.6.4.045004.full?SSO=1 Images used with permission from Thayne Currie//Subaru Telescope https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-finds-a-planet-forming-in-an-unconventional-way https://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/young-jupiter.html https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA22946-Jupiter-RedSpot-JunoSpacecraft-20190212.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/spitzer/planet-forming-20140306 https://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/image/ssc2003-06i-fomalhaut-circumstellar-disk https://nasaviz.gsfc.nasa.gov/12278 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Subaru_AB_Aur_b.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exoplanets5000mark.gif https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_251.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/citizen-scientists-spot-jupiter-like-planet-in-nasa-tess-data https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/mock-up-screen-phone-royalty-free-illustration/1318420912?adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/realistic-vector-smartphone-illustration-royalty-free-illustration/1307030599?adppopup=true


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We’re Talking To Aliens

We’ve done a lot of searching for life in the universe and we need to continue to if we hope to make contact. But not all of our attempts were expected to succeed. That’s where Beacon in the Galaxy comes in. Hosted By: Hank Green ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/2/55/htm https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-10/in-depth/ https://www.planetary.org/articles/0120-the-pioneer-plaque-science-as-a-universal-language https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/ https://news.cornell.edu/stories/1999/11/25th-anniversary-first-attempt-phone-et-0 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/annotated-cosmic-call-primer-180960566/ https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/p/pulsar https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-made-a-new-message-for-extraterrestrials/ Image Sources: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/radio-telescope-stock-footage/1181318707?adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/meeting-of-an-astronaut-and-an-alien-on-a-mysterious-stock-footage/1264720397?adppopup=true https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/planet-and-nebula-in-space-royalty-free-image/1181554634?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pioneer_plaque.svg https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/446/voyager-golden-record/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arecibo_message.svg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/radiotelescope-royalty-free-image/482305521?adppopup=true https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/messier-13-the-hercules-cluster https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:M13_(Hercules_globular_cluster).jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/white-puzzle-royalty-free-image/1299648785?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AreciboMessageShifted.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_golden_record_42_Adams_The_Tetons_and_the_Snake_River.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_golden_record_111_systemoftheworld.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_golden_record_99_xray.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_golden_record_103_highway.gif https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/10/2/55/htm#sec3-galaxies-10-00055 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/pulsar-neutron-star-illustration-royalty-free-image/1325585592?adppopup=true https://images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_20181010_FERMI_m13058_Pulsar4K https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globular_star_cluster_Omega_Centauri_(NGC_5139,_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globular_cluster_map_SMIL.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_Telescope_Array_-_Flickr_-_brewbooks_(5).jpg https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/five-hundred-meter-aperture-spherical-radio-royalty-free-image/1282137089?adppopup=true https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_Telescope_Array_-_Flickr_-_brewbooks.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist’s_impression_of_a_fast_radio_burst_traveling_through_space_and_reaching_Earth.tif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnificent_CME_Erupts_on_the_Sun_-_August_31.jpg


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Can We Grow Plants On the Moon?

Despite how easy it looks in movies, growing plants on other planets is trickier than you might imagine. Hosted By: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00159-0 https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-103A https://www.nasa.gov/content/growing-plants-in-space https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166921001646 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552420300730#sec0001 https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/veggie_fact_sheet_508.pdf https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/why-the-first-plant-grown-on-the-moon-is-a-significant-milestone-in-space-exploration/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/farmers-could-grow-crops-lunar-and-martian-soil-study-suggests-180973387/ https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/04/can-humans-farm-plants-mars-and-moon/588145/ https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2019-0051/html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaFKFCqFIOg&ab_channel=NationalSpaceCentre https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/c-missions/chang-e-4 Images: https://www.gettyimages.com/ https://www.nasa.gov/content/growing-plants-in-space https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/veggies-in-space https://www.nasa.gov/content/plant-habitat-04 https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/growing-veggies-in-space https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salyut_7_paper_model.JPG https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_Food_for_Space_Flight.html https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/retrofuturistic-nasa-space-art https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACgTZ01d9O0&ab_channel=NASA https://www.nasa.gov/feature/researchers-put-space-garden-microbes-under-the-microscope https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_qPWZbxFl8&ab_channel=NASAJohnson https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChangE-4_-_PCAM.png https://www.nasa.gov/content/veggie-plant-growth-system-activated-on-international-space-station


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How Space Changes Your Brain

Start speaking a new language in 3 weeks with Babbel. Get up to 65% your subscription here: https://go.babbel.com/12m65-youtube-scishowspace-mar-2022/default We've been sending people to space since the '60s, and we're just now starting to learn what that does to their brains. Hosted By: Hank Green ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2022.815838/full https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-016-0001-9 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1705129 https://www.space.com/11337-human-spaceflight-records-50th-anniversary.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577506/ https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/stem-on-station/ditl_exercising https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1422629112 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1705129 Images https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StationLIFE_-_Cardiovascular_(January_2016).webm https://www.storyblocks.com/video/stock/business-man-legs-walking-in-black-shoes-near-building-close-up-black-shoes-walking-in-slow-motion-outdoors-businessman-feets-walking-in-black-shoes-at-street-office-worker-legs-going-to-work-soxf9a00bk4j4jday https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/station-science-101/why-do-science-in-microgravity/ https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/inserting-a-wooden-dowel-into-the-hole-in-board-chipboard-gm1202106089-344984973 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1B9wroefbJw https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/complex-wooden-puzzle-gm501700312-81479627 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-016-0001-9/figures/2 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/medical-illustrate-gm484757150-71487927 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2022.815838/full https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cosmonaut_Polyakov_Watches_Discovery%27s_Rendezvous_With_Mir_-_GPN-2002-000078.jpg


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From Optics to Spacewalks: Dr. Ellen Ochoa | Great Minds

Dr. Ellen Ochoa is incredible! She published over a dozen papers, co-filed three patents, and was a NASA engineer, all before becoming an astronaut and spending nearly a thousand hours in space. Hosted By: Hank Green ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ochoa.pdf [PDF] https://text-message.blogs.archives.gov/2021/06/10/ellen-ochoa/ https://patents.justia.com/inventor/ellen-ochoa https://www.proquest.com/openview/94d9d0e59c343d6a8a5ce434086eee22/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y https://aps.org/careers/physicists/profiles/ochoa.cfm http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2017/MAR/HTML/cov-ochoa.html http://smithsonianeducation.org/scitech/impacto/text2/ellen/biography.html https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/E.-Ochoa/83217938?sort=pub-date http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/optics421/modules/m6/opticalprocess.htm https://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/optical-imaging https://www.think-maths.co.uk/spreadsheet https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2346/20099/31295004829601.pdf?sequence=1 [PDF] https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aot/2010/372652/ https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_Astronaut_Requirements.html https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/606877main_FS-2011-11-057-JSC-astro_trng.pdf [PDF] Images: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/explorers-wanted-media-invited-to-experience-artemis-astronaut-training https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/international-space-station-orbiting-earth-in-space-spacex-nasa-research-iss-gm1248873601-363847213 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ellen_Ochoa,_official_portrait.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_dispersion_conceptual_waves.gif https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/abstract-image-of-high-speed-pink-blue-lines-composition-abstract-glow-neon-lines-gm1225778080-360918530 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/lcd-pixel-macro-gm121268955-1970832 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apple_lisa,_personal_computer,_1983_(1985).jpg https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/circuit-blue-board-background-copy-space-computer-data-technology-artificial-gm1340728386-420715629 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/30-years-ago-sts-26-returns-shuttle-to-flight https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/ellen-ochoa-in-a-nasa-t-38-jet-trainer https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/a-variety-of-images-of-landscapes-and-animals-as-a-big-image-wall-gm1065390202-284894934 https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/17848/five-moons-and-saturn/ https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/7808/global-color-views-of-mars/ https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/blue-high-technology-abstract-background-gm853257264-140325085 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1990_NASA_Astronaut_Group.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:STS056-04-009_-_STS-056_-_Crewmember_in_the_aft_flight_deck._-_DPLA_-_353596a60f419bfdf8aee931cf87a455.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:STS056-91-054_-_Payload_bay_view_with_ATLAS_pallet_(Raw_scan).tif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ellen_Ochoa_(29320023973).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ellen_Ochoa_(29337849643).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:STS66_Ochoa.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tamara_E._Jernigan_Discovery_crew.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/aerial-photograph-of-johnson-space-center-1 https://roundupreads.jsc.nasa.gov/pages.ashx/834/Johnson%20Director%20Ellen%20Ochoa%20elected%20to%20Vice%20Chair%20of%20National%20Science%20Board https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/astronaut-ellen-ochoa-prepares-for-training-session https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/673869


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Could Squirrels Be the Key to Long Distance Spaceflight?

This episode is sponsored by Wren, a website where you calculate your carbon footprint. Sign up to make a monthly contribution to offset your carbon footprint or support rainforest protection projects: https://www.wren.co/start/scishowspace You would think flying squirrels would be the ones to show us how to thrive in space. Hosted By: Reid Reimers ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporter for helping us keep SciShow Space free for everyone forever: Jason A Saslow and David Brooks! Support SciShow Space by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SciShowSpace Or by checking out our awesome space pins and other products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? SciShow on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@scishow SciShow Tangents Podcast: http://www.scishowtangents.org Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/64249main_ffs_factsheets_hbp_atrophy.pdf https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/941340 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abh2950 https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/82/2/191/75611/Adaptation-to-a-diet-low-in-protein-effect-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext https://phys.org/news/2022-01-hibernate-mars.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56007-8 https://www.pnas.org/content/117/38/23942 https://cmsw.mit.edu/angles/2019/headspace-how-space-travel-affects-astronaut-mental-health/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4600281/ https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/569954main_astronaut%20_FAQ.pdf https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/418C8CF38631A4ABCB4D52D533A77E91/S0954422405000041a.pdf/urea-nitrogen-salvage-mechanisms-and-their-relevance-to-ruminants-non-ruminants-and-man.pdf IMAGES https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crystallization_of_Urea_01.jpg https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/815263 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/plate-of-salad-gm185119929-19591163 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/are-you-checking-me-out-gm1215914447-354337534 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/senior-woman-resting-in-a-bed-with-finger-heart-rate-monitor-pulse-oximeter-showing-gm1321691684-407861758 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-40789-y#Sec20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryCHUtHZZ0E&t=3s https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/brown-bear-with-two-cubs-looks-out-of-its-den-in-the-woods-under-a-large-rock-in-gm1312044246-400963085 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/thirteen-lined-ground-squirrel-gm186707928-28519270 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/two-little-ground-squirrels-peeking-over-edge-of-its-home-gm641599664-116245967 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crystallization_of_Urea_01.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mae_Jemison_in_Space.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-53_Mark_Vande_Hei_jogs_on_a_treadmill_inside_the_Tranquility_module.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_Expedition_28_and_STS-135_Crew_Members_floating_in_the_Node_2.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ScienceCasts-_The_Zero_Gravity_Coffee_Cup.webm https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Groundsquirrel4-300.jpg https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/cute-looking-black-bear-getting-ready-for-hibernate-sleeping-gm1279148220-377849412 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/grizzly-bear-in-the-rain-resting-on-a-log-in-canadas-great-bear-rainforest-gm1156934196-315508034 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryCHUtHZZ0E&t=3s https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dna-structure-gm481911027-36759032 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ictidomys_tridecemlineatus_distribution_map.png#/media/File:Ictidomys_tridecemlineatus_distribution_map.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leopard_Spermophile,_Male_and_Female.jpg#/media/File:Leopard_Spermophile,_Male_and_Female.jpg


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