SciShow: 5 Delightful Color-Changing Minerals

Teacher or professor: SciShow
Subject: Science
Content of the Lesson: Thanks to Generation Genius for sponsoring this episode. Go to http://GenerationGenius.com and check out their next generation science videos for kids. From corundum to alexandrite, there are rare minerals have multi-colors caused by how they form their structure! Hosted by: Hank Green SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Adam Brainard, Greg, Alex Hackman, Sam Lutfi, D.A. Noe, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, Scott Satovsky Jr, Charles Southerland, Patrick D. Ashmore, charles george, Kevin Bealer, Chris Peters ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://www.gemsociety.org/article/what-is-gemstone-pleochroism/ https://blogs.agu.org/georneys/2011/09/15/geology-word-of-the-week-p-is-for-pleochroism/ https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/pleo.html https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-2014-introduction-pleochroism-faceted-gems https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/pleochroism https://www.mpp.mpg.de/~bangert/Mineralogy/crystal.html https://www.gemsociety.org/article/gemstone-birefringence/#Pleochroism http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/347k/redesign/Gem_Notes/Corundum/corundum_main.htm http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/Visible/corundum/Index.html https://www.mindat.org/min-1128.html https://www.gemsociety.org/article/mineral-habits/#The_Orthorhombic_System https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/cordierite.html https://www.pizzacraft.com/blogs/pizzacraft-blog/67415619-ceramic-vs-cordierite-stones-vs-baking-steels https://www.gia.edu/iolite-description https://www.mindat.org/min-217.html http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/Visible/Andalusite/Index.html https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00269-010-0397-9#Sec1 http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/chemistry/IntervalenceChargeTransfer.html http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/8.html%22 https://www.gia.edu/doc/Gemstones-with-Alexandrite-Effect.pdf https://www.gemdat.org/gem-109.html https://www.alexandrite.net/chapters/chronology-on-the-history-of-alexandrite.html https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233498637_Current_uses_of_alexandrite_laser_in_dermatology https://www.mindat.org/min-4003.html https://www.gia.edu/tourmaline-description https://www.gia.edu/tourmaline-quality-factor http://www.nordskip.com/usambara.html https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/42EFF429E7D75CD915330DB9F1137F89/S0026461X00001018a.pdf/div-class-title-usambara-effect-in-tourmaline-optical-spectroscopy-and-colourimetric-studies-div.pdf Image Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond#/media/File:Diamond_structure.gif https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Several_corundum_crystals.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ruby_gem.JPG https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Padparadscha_sapphire.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cordierite#/media/File:Cordierite_pl%C3%A9ochro%C3%AFsme.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cordierite-den07-06aa.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cordierite_-_bevellinged_with_necklace_-_view_on_blue-violet_a-axis.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cordierite_-_bevellinged_with_necklace_-_view_on_colorless_b-axis.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andalusite_Jewels.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andalusite#/media/File:Andalusite-RLKG083b.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andalusite-RLKG083d.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andalusite-RLKG083c.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Александрит_Камень.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia#/media/File:Zar_Alexander_II_(cropped).jpg https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YumbGYgXMrL5GfA5mXbpcUS7Jo_lzfFLhU9NeYOz-5s/edit?pli=1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=visible+light&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Linear_visible_spectrum.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tourmaline-121240.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elbaite_Nampula.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117a.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elbaite-278491.jpg


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